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Workforce Investment Act of 1998 - Public Law 105-220
Topic What the Law States
Title I

Services Provided and Provider of Services

One-Stop Centers

A system under which entities responsible for administering separate workforce investment, educational, and other human resource development programs collaborate to create a seamless system of service delivery.

Title I includes Section 188, the non-discrimination clause, which states “no individual shall be excluded from participation in, denied the benefits of, subjected to discrimination under, or denied employment in the administration of or in connection with, any such program or activity because of race, color, religion, sex (except as otherwise permitted under title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972), national origin, age, disability, or political affiliation or belief.

Eligibility Requirements and Age of Youth Covered

Service at One-Stop for job search activities is free and available to all. For more intensive services, including training, older youth ages 18-21 may be co-enrolled as youth and adults. The next section (Youth Service Programs) provides details of eligibility.

Title I, B for formula grants & Title IV Subtitle D for nationally managed progams

Services Provided and Provider of Services

Youth Service Programs

The formula grant program services are determined by and contracted for by the WIBs.
The federal government manages the Youth Opportunity Programs, Migrant & Seasonal Farmworker and Native American programs

Eligibility Requirements and Age of Youth Covered

Ages 14-21.

Eligible youth are low income and one or more of the following: deficient in basic literacy skills; a high school dropout; homeless; a runaway; or a foster child; pregnant or a parent; an offender; an individual who requires additional assistance to complete an educational program, or to secure and hold employment.

Up to five percent of youth participants served by youth programs in a local area may be individuals who do not meet the income criterion for eligible youth, provided that they are within one or more of the following categories:

  1. School dropout
  2. Basic skills deficient, as defined in WIA section 101(4)
  3. Are one or more grade levels below the grade level appropriate to the individual's age
  4. Pregnant or parenting
  5. Possess one or more disabilities, including learning disabilities
  6. Homeless or runaway
  7. Offender
  8. Face serious barriers to employment as identified by the Local Board.

In some circumstances, youth can be declared as a family of one and then only their income is counted toward the eligibility requirement.

Title I, C

Services Provided and Provider of Services

Residentially-based Education and Training Programs

Job Corps is a federally administered program that provides academic and occupational training in a residential setting.

Eligibility Requirements and Age of Youth Covered

Same income and deficit eligibility criteria as for Youth Service Programs but ages range from 16-24 and there is no upper age limit for an otherwise eligible individual with a disability.

Title II

Services Provided and Provider of Services

Adult Literacy Programs

Provides basic education instruction through a variety of program settings (e.g., community colleges, high schools, alternative schools, community based organizations, One-Stops, etc.).

Eligibility Requirements and Age of Youth Covered

Individuals over the age of 16, not currently enrolled in school who lack a high school diploma or the basic skills to function effectively as parents, workers, and citizens.

Title IV

Services Provided and Provider of Services

Incorporates Rehabilitation Act of 1973 into this title. For details visit the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, which includes the following titles and sections of interest.

  • Title I, Rehabilitation Agencies
  • Title V, Rights And Advocacy, Employment Of Individuals With Disabilities
    • Section 504
    • Section 508
  • Title VI, Supported Employment Services
  • Title VII, Independent Living Centers

Access a copy of of the legislation:


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