High Schools

Secondary education.

21,994 secondary schools 12,197 combined secondary and elementary schools

Comprehensive High Schools

Combined academic and vocational preparation.

15,005

Area Vocational-Technical (Voc-Tech) Centers

Preparation for specific trade and occupational areas.

1,816

Charter and Alternative High Schools

Varies by state law in terms of role and designation of purpose.

Charter High Schools- 2,695

Alternative schools unknown

Community Colleges

2 year associate degree programs, preparation for 4 year degree programs, specific continuing and adult education.

1,600 (including branch campuses)

Public Four Year Colleges and Universities

Full range of degree granting programs.

612 public institutions, 4 year or higher

Cities, County Government, and Regional Development or Service Organizations sponsored by general units of government or school districts

These local units of government often provide direct services including workforce development.

Numbers of those that are directly involved in providing workforce development services vary by state.

Employment services for people with disabilities.

8,100

Community Based Organizations/Faith-based organizations

Employment and/or human service services, such as recreation and youth development activities.

These may or may not be a part of a national network (e.g., Boys and Girls Clubs, National Urban League, Communities in Schools, etc.).

>10,000

Workforce Investment Boards (WIBs)

WIBs serve as governing bodies for WIA programs, and work on state and local workforce system.

Private sector representatives hold the majority seats.

Local boards are required to have Youth Councils; state boards have options for youth councils.

52 state

591 local

State Council on Developmental Disabilities

Governor appoints state board, which develops a state plan for services.

Consumers and representatives of state agencies responsible for oversight of services make up the Council.

The statewide services plan includes workforce preparation activities.

57

State Rehabilitation Council

Appointed by the governor, reviews, analyzes, and advises state rehabilitation agency about goals and priorities, effectiveness, and customer satisfaction.

Annual reports to the governor and the Commissioner required.

80

Statewide Independent Living Council

Appointed by the governor to develop, monitor, and evaluate state independent living plans.

55 states and territories

Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Title I

*Rehabilitation Agencies

State rehabilitation agencies responsible for statewide vocational rehabilitation programs

Services are provided to people with disabilities based on Individualized Plan for Employment (IPE).

Transition services for youth is an allowable activity.

To be eligible for vocational rehabilitation services, an individual must: have a physical or mental impairment that results in a substantial impediment to employment; be able to benefit from receiving vocational rehabilitation services; AND require vocational rehabilitation services to prepare for, secure, retain or regain employment.

Age not specified.

Combined: 32

General: 24

Blind: 24

TOTAL: 80

Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, Title VII, Chapter 1, Part B

Independent Living Centers

Independent Living Centers help people with disabilities maximize opportunities to live independently in the community.

Centers can provide employment related support to individuals but actual training or education is typically not provided.

Centers set their own age requirements.

388 total ILCs + 301 satellite offices

Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, Title VI, Part B

Supported Employment Programs

VR state agencies develop collaborative programs to provide supported employment services for individuals with the most significant disabilities.

Individuals with most significant disabilities

Age not specified, for transition services, the regulations encourage agencies to work with students as early as possible.

Combined: 32

General: 24

Blind: 24

TOTAL: 80

Assistive Technology Act of 1998, sunsetting in fiscal year 2004

Assistive Technology Centers

Centers provide information to children and adults with disabilities on increasing their use of standard, assistive, and information technologies and services.

Services are not age-specified.

56

Assistive Technology Act of 1998, sunsetting in fiscal year 2004

Assistive Technology Centers

Centers provide information to children and adults with disabilities on increasing their use of standard, assistive, and information technologies and services.

Services are not age-specified.

56

Carl D. Perkins Vocational- Technical Education Act Amendments of 1998, Title I

*Career-Technical Education Programs

Funds can be used for a broad range of programs, services, and activities designed to improve career-technical education programs and ensure access to students who are members of populations with special needs.

Individuals in secondary and postsecondary schools.

Age not specified but generally geared toward high school and community college.

1,816 area voc-tech centers

Carl D. Perkins Vocational- Technical Educational Act Amendments of 1998, Title II

*Tech-Prep programs

A sequenced program of study that combines at least two years of secondary and two years of postsecondary education.

Occupational education or an apprenticeship program of at least two years following secondary instruction.

Beginning as early as the ninth year of school and can extend through two years of postsecondary.

Roughly 47% of the nation's high schools (or 7,400 high schools) offer one or more Tech Prep programs.

Workforce Investment Act of 1998, Title II

*Adult Literacy Programs

Provides basic education opportunities.

Over the age of 16, not currently enrolled in school, who lack a high school diploma or the basic skills to function effectively as parents, workers, and citizens.

5,263 Literacy Programs

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) 1997,

Part B and Part D, Subpart 1 authorizes Program Improvement to states.

Individualized Education Programs (IEPs)

Guaranteed right to free and appropriate education.

IEPs are individualized plans to provide education for a young person including transition from school to positive adult outcomes.

Individuals are eligible for education services up to the age of 18 or through the age of 21 at the discretion of the state

Transitioning planning can begin at age 14 but must occur by age 16.

1,938,000 students between 14 and 21 received IDEA services in 2000-2001 school year.

Workforce Investment Act of 1998, Title I

*One Stop Centers

A system under which entities responsible for administering separate workforce investment, educational, and other HR programs collaborate to create a seamless system of service delivery.

Universal service at One-Stop for job search activities. For more intensive services including training, older youth ages 18-21 may be co-enrolled as youth and adults.

1,978 comprehensive one-stop centers and 7,535 satellite offices

Workforce Investment Act of 1998, Title I, B and Title IV Subtitle D

*Youth Service Programs

The formula grant program services are determined by and contracted for by the WIBs.

The federal government manages the Youth Opportunity Programs, Migrant & Seasonal Farmworker and Native American programs.

Ages 14-21

Eligible youth are low income and one or more of the following: deficient in basic literacy skills; a high school dropout; homeless; a runaway, or a foster child; pregnant or a parent; an offender; an individual who requires additional assistance to complete an educational program, or to secure and hold employment.

The numbers vary by program because local communities make decisions about how many and what type of services will be provided through formula grant funds.

Workforce Investment Act of 1998, Title I, C

*Residential Training

Job Corps is a federally administered program that provides academic and occupational training in a residential setting.

Same eligibility as above but ages range from 14-24 and there is no

upper age limit for an otherwise eligible individual with a disability.

118 centers nationwide

The Wagner-Peyser Act as amended by the Workforce Investment Act of 1998, Title III, Subtitle A

*Employment Service Offices

Has listings of available jobs and provides assistance to job seekers.

The Employment Service provides universal service, available to all.

Age not specified.

Employment Services are part of all One-Stops but there are additional offices in each state.

American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act of 1998, H-1B Technical Skills Training Grants

Regional and Local

Business Partnerships

Designed to help train U.S. workers in the high technology skills that the industry needs thereby reducing the need to import workers from abroad.

Organizations must partner and apply to the Department of Labor.

The grants are either issued to a business partnership or to a local workforce investment board and generally are aimed at adults.

89 grants

National Affordable Housing Act

Added through Section 164 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992 Title IV Subtitle D

*Youth Build Program

Youthbuild grants are available to public or private nonprofit agencies, public housing authorities, state and local governments, Indian tribes, or any organization eligible to provide education and employment training.

Non-profit organizations assist high-risk youth between the ages of 16-24 to learn housing construction job skills and to complete their high school education.

78 grants

Community Renewal Tax Relief Act of 2000

Empowerment Zones/Enterprise Communities

Targets tax incentives, performance grants, and loans to designated low-income areas to create jobs, expand business opportunities, and support people looking for work.

EZs and ECs are based on economic characteristics of a geographic area and services are not age specified.

Currently 105 designated urban and rural EZ/EC's

McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, reauthorized January 2002

Emergency Shelter Grant Program

Provides homeless persons with basic shelter and essential support.

Can assist with the operational costs of the shelter facility.

Grants are to eligible jurisdictions, including States, territories, and qualified metropolitan cities and urban counties.

Age not specified.

In FY 2001, there were 366 grantees

Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act of 1999

Training for Social Security Disability Eligible Individuals

Establishes approved providers called Employment Networks (ENs)

ENs can fund vocational rehabilitation, employment, or support services to help an individual go to work.

The program is being rolled out in three phases across the country with the last phase available in late 2003.

An individual must be receiving Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) or Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and must have a disability for which medical improvement is not expected or possible; the individual must live in a state where Tickets are available.

1000

Employment Networks recognized as of October 2003

Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of
1996 (PRWORA

Title I is Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)

*Required Work for Adults

Provides assistance and work opportunities to needy families by granting states the federal funds and flexibility to develop and implement their own welfare programs.

Work activities can include education and training, work experiences, and job search.

TANF serves needy families; income and asset limitations vary by state; some assistance can only go to families with minor children.

TANF regulations define minor child as an individual who has not attained 18 years of age or has not attained 19 years of age and is a full-time student in a secondary school (or in the equivalent level of vocational or technical training.

FY 2001, the average monthly number of TANF families was 2,120,500 which included 787,000 child-only cases

Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act 1996

Support to Targeted Population

The emphasis of the State Plan is to increase the self-determination, independence, productivity, inclusion and integration into the community of people with developmental disabilities

Services are for those who have a developmental disability

There is no age limitation on the services provided through the State Councils on Developmental Disabilities.

Age is a factor in the diagnosis process.

Total number of programs and services centered on workforce preparation and support services unknown

Foster Care Independence Act of 1999 which enacted the John H. Chafee Foster Care Independence Program

Support to Targeted Populations

States assist youth in a successful transition to adulthood.

Activities and programs include, but are not limited to, help with education, employment, financial management, housing, emotional support and assured connections to caring adults for older youth in foster care as well as youth who have aged out of the foster care.

State can serve youth who are likely to remain in foster care and those who have aged out of foster care up to 21 years of age.

Older youth (18-21) can receive housing assistance if needed.

There were 62,000 15-17 year olds in foster care as reported in a March 2002 Census Brief to give a sense of population that is "aging out" of foster care

Community Action Agencies

Title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, as amended

*Multiple Services Through Centers

Community Services Block Grants create, coordinate, and deliver a broad array of programs and services.

To assist individuals in securing and maintaining employment, community action agencies provide linkages to job training opportunities, GED preparation courses, and vocational education programs.

Programs and services are to low-income individuals.

State-administered local network composed of over 1,100 local agencies, predominantly community action agencies

Public Health Service Act, as amended; Title V; Children's Health Act of 2000; Public Law 106-310;

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services

Grants and cooperative agreements for substance abuse treatment, prevention and mental health needs of regional and national significance. The grants seek to expand the availability of effective substance abuse treatment and recovery services and to reduce the impact of alcohol and drug abuse.

States, communities, territories, Indian tribes, and tribal organizations are eligible.

Since 1992, the program has funded 85 grantees across the country; there are currently 54 grant communities and 31 former grant programs

Public Health Service Act, Title V, Part E, Section 561, as amended; Public Law 102-321; 42 U.S.C. 290ff.

Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children with Serious Emotional Disturbances Program

The program provides grants to states, communities, territories, Indian tribes, and tribal organizations are for the improvement and expansion of systems of care for children with serious emotional disturbances and their families.

Children with serious emotional disturbances and their families.

Estimated nationwide 4.5-6.3 million children with serious emotional disturbances and their families

Title XIX of the Social Security Act

Medicaid

Provides medical assistance

Individuals and families with low incomes and resources

In FY 2003 40.4 million are enrolled, 7.7 million of whom are blind/disabled

Social Security Title XXI, as part of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997

State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP)

Gives each state authorization to offer health insurance.

Families who earn too much to qualify for Medicaid may be able to qualify for SCHIP.

Children, up to age 19 who are not already insured.

For FY 2002 there were 5, 315, 229 children enrolled in SCHIP, including both separate child health programs and Medicaid expansion programs

Title V of the Social Security Act

Healthy and Ready to Work

Promotes a comprehensive system of family-centered, culturally competent, community-based care for children with special health care needs who are approaching adulthood and may need assistance in making the transition from pediatric to adult health care and to post-secondary education and/or employment.

Mainly covers children up to 18 years but some projects service youth older then 18.

A range of demonstration grants have been launched since 1996, currently there are five statewide projects being supported

Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (JJDP) Act of 1974 (Pub. L. 93-415, 42 U.S.C. 5601 et seq.) and subsequent amendments

Services to Adjudicated Youth

Grants program funds collaborative, community-based delinquency prevention efforts.

Provides communities with funding and a guiding framework for developing and implementing comprehensive juvenile delinquency prevention plans.

States define the ages for juveniles.

Currently 53 funded programs

National and Community Service Act of 1990 as amended, 42 U.S.C. 12571-12595.

Service and Conservation Corps

State and local programs that engage primarily youth and young adults in full-time community service, training and educational activities.

Youth and young adults ages 16-25; eligibility depends on source of funding and local decisions.

118 Corps operate in multiple communities across 31 states and the District of Columbia;

In 2002 over 24,000 young people who enrolled provided their communities with 18.3 million hours of service in year-round and summer programs